James Wood steps out from behind his books to review the latest National Gallery exhibition, Russian Landscape in the Age of Tolstoy.
Only in Russia, one feels, would art and literature have worked so naturally together. It was Russian nationalism that provided the glue of amity. Russian writers, painters and musicians felt that they were involved in a common project, that of renovating the country's soul. You could be a westerniser like Turgenev (ie, one who felt that Russian needed to turn towards Europe for its model and salvation), or a Slavophile like Dostoevsky (ie, one who felt Russia must find that salvation in its Slavic roots), and yet the common bond remained, which was how to perform spiritual resuscitation on the motherland. This produces the marvellous paradox in so much Russian art and writing of the second half of the 19th century, of a bashful nationalism: an eager patriotism that does not offend, but on the contrary attracts us because it is so full of anxiety and melancholia. These paintings manage to be both anti-idealistic and grand at the same time, at once flatly real and majestically spiritual.
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