Sixty years ago today the death camp at Auschwitz was liberated. A year earlier, the bigger part of my maternal grandfather's family was killed there.
My grandfather was held at Mauthausen. He was among the fortunate few survivors of the assault on European Jewry.
My parents don't really talk about this period in their lives, despite my repeated entreaties. I realize now I'm unlikely to ever know the details. I've alluded here previously how I came late to a fuller and meaningful grasp of the intertwined history of Europe and my family. It was the inspiration of my first short story The Number, and is also the theme of what I hope will be my third novel.
It's a day of quiet reflection for me; of marveling at the narrowness of chance with allows me to write this to you all; of considering family members forever unknown to me; of wondering at the terrible secret histories my parents endured.
Since this is a literary blog, it seemed appropriate to mark the day by noting some titles of note regarding the Holocaust in general and Auschwitz in particular. Adorno's dictum notwithstanding, the words continue to come, as they clearly must. Herewith an unscientific and personal sampling of my reading of note on the subject:
Fiction:
Fateless; Kaddish for an Unborn Child; Liquidation, Imre Kertesz. I haven't yet read this trilogy by the Hungarian Nobel Prize winner but it's sitting on my living room table. The truth is there's a certain amount of fear and hesitation at what is sure to be a painfully familiar journey (my father, as TEV readers know, is Hungarian, and my mother lived in Budapest). But any current literary consideration of Auschwitz must surely start here.
Spark of Life, Erich Maria Remarque. The author best known for All Quiet on the Western Front also wrote this tale of death camp prisoner 509.
The Shawl, Cynthia Ozick. In this justly celebrated book of short stories, the title story tells of a mother witnessing her baby's death at the hands of camp guards. Another story, "Rose," describes that same mother thirty years later, still haunted by the event.
The Portage to San Cristobal of A.H., George Steiner. Misunderstood and attacked in its inital release, this harrowing and magnificently written novella imagines the capture and terrifying eloquent "trial" of a post-war Hitler, living in a South American jungle.
The Painted Bird, Jerzy Kosinski. Kosinski, who like Primo Levi later committed suicide, penned "the greatest example of what is coming to be known as a 'second- generation' book: a contemporary report of the hell in which a survivor of the Holocaust must live, one generation after the event." (Thanks to Dave Lull and Lizzie for the quote/correction.)
The Archivist, Martha Cooley. Told after the fact, as news of the Holocaust becomes known, this deeply moving novel grapples with the question of how to absorb the awful knowledge.
Night, Elie Wiesel. Perhaps the best known of Holocaust novels.
Non-fiction:
If This is a Man, Primo Levi. The definitive account of life in Auschwitz. "Here there is no why."
The Destruction of the European Jews, Raul Hilberg. One of the first and, by many accounts, still the definitive overview of the Nazi's systematic extermination plan.
Ordinary Men and The Origins of the Final Solution, Christopher Browning. Browning is one the preeminent chroniclers of the Holocaust. His Ordinary Men is one of the most disturbing of Holocaust studies, as it examines the origins of the mobile killing units in the east, and how a group of blue collar middle aged men could become enthusiastic murderers. (Much of his data was co-opted for Daniel Goldhagen's profoundly flawed Hitler's Willing Executioners.) His latest book, the massive The Origins of the Final Solution, is a work poised to share the shelf with Hilberg as one of the most comprehensive and thorough reviews of the machinery of the Holocaust.
Eichmann in Jerusalem, Hannah Arendt. Her controversial New Yorker coverage which gave birth to the much-debated question of the "banality of evil."
Nazi Germany and the Jews, Volume 1, Saul Friedlander. Probably the best overview and introduction to the subject.
Preempting the Holocaust, Lawrence Langer. Langer is a controversial chronicler of the Holocaust but his ideas resonate deeply with me and have informed much of my own thinking on the subject. He suggests, among other things, that it's deeply trivializing to play the "what would I have done" games, and that movies and novels on the Holocaust generally do a deep disservice as they approach the subject from a Triumph of the Spirit angle, which he argues is the wrong narrative.
Nine Suitcases, Bela Zsolt. Another Hungarian, this one writing as a memoirist. I began reading this a few weeks ago but had to set it aside. It's clear, however, that it's a powerful, monumental work, newly available in this country.
Maus I & II, Art Spiegelman. The graphic novels that got the world paying attention. I'm more partial to Maus II but both are unforgettable reads.
I Shall Bear Witness I & II, Victor Klemperer. The recently published extraordinary daily journal of the rise of the persecution of the Jews, culminating with the firebombing of Dresden.
Finally, you can find many interesting link on the Literature of the Holocaust here.
Not a cheerful reading list, I know, and not one to be taken in one sitting. But an essential one, to be sure.